ADHD is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder, likely started when the brain was developing in utero, pregnancy and early years. There is some research into adulthood presentation although it is perhaps believed that currently, for some, it does not present until later in life.

ADHD is a problem regulating attention, emotions and inhibition and is a series of symptoms that need to be present to be diagnosed. It is believed to have a genetic component.

ADHD is characterised by core symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. As people get older, hyperactivity and impulsivity tend to diminish but they continue to experience inattention and disorganisation effects. There are three main types : Combined presentation type, Predominantly inattentive type and predominantly hyperactive type.

The burden of ADHD can be huge and it is known to result in a range of impairment:

  • Higher divorce rates
  • More likely to be unemployed
  • Parenting stress
  • Guilt
  • Problems with learning
  • More road accidents
  • Reduced quality of life
  • Increased suicide risk
  • Increased risk of premature death
  • More likely to lose a job
  • More days off sick
  • Self-loathing
  • Higher rates of substance abuse
  • Higher rates of ADHD in those who use substances
  • Co-existing conditions
  • Less likely to stay in higher education
  • Increased risk of criminality

ADHD is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder, likely started when the brain was developing in utero, pregnancy and early years. There is some research into adulthood presentation although it is perhaps believed that currently, for some, it does not present until later in life.

ADHD is a problem regulating attention, emotions and inhibition and is a series of symptoms that need to be present to be diagnosed. It is believed to have a genetic component.

ADHD is characterised by core symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. As people get older, hyperactivity and impulsivity tend to diminish but they continue to experience inattention and disorganisation effects. There are three main types : Combined presentation type, Predominantly inattentive type and predominantly hyperactive type.

The burden of ADHD can be huge and it is known to result in a range of impairment:

  • Higher divorce rates
  • More likely to be unemployed
  • Parenting stress
  • Guilt
  • Problems with learning
  • More road accidents
  • Reduced quality of life
  • Increased suicide risk
  • Increased risk of premature death
  • More likely to lose a job
  • More days off sick
  • Self-loathing
  • Higher rates of substance abuse
  • Higher rates of ADHD in those who use substances
  • Co-existing conditions
  • Less likely to stay in higher education
  • Increased risk of criminality

Main Symptoms

ADHD presents differently in individuals and not all symptoms will be present in all individuals.

A person with ADHD may not have all of these symptoms and may find they can focus and concentrate on topics they are interested in (known as hyperfocus). Some clients describe an ‘all or nothing’ approach to life with some periods of low mood and lack of motivation.

ADHD Myths

  • You are just lazy
  • Everyone’s a bit ADHD
  • You cannot possibly have ADHD as you have a PHD
  • A made-up condition
  • Bad parenting
  • You can’t have ADHD as so organised

Inattention

  • Distracted in environments, especially noisy environments
  • Easily distracted in their mind and observable as a wandering mind in conversation
  • Forgetfulness
  • Difficulty with tasks which are perceived as boring
  • Struggling to listen of follow conversations and may appear as ‘zoned out’
  • Difficulties with problem-solving, timekeeping, planning and organisation

Hyperactivity

  • Fidgeting, with hands, feet or parts of the body (more apparent as mental restlessness in some)
  • Frequent need for movement
  • Becoming stressed at sitting down for long periods
  • Common feelings of agitation and irritation
  • Unable to relax and constantly feeling restless
  • Interrupting others
  • Self-medication with drugs or alcohol to induce calm or relax

Impulsivity

  • Impatience – especially waiting in queues
  • Acting without thinking of consequences
  • Unable to wait for rewards
  • Reckless driving
  • Sensation seeks

Main Symptoms

ADHD presents differently in individuals and not all symptoms will be present in all individuals.

A person with ADHD may not have all of these symptoms and may find they can focus and concentrate on topics they are interested in (known as hyperfocus). Some clients describe an ‘all or nothing’ approach to life with some periods of low mood and lack of motivation.

ADHD Myths

  • You are just lazy
  • Everyone’s a bit ADHD
  • You cannot possibly have ADHD as you have a PHD
  • A made-up condition
  • Bad parenting
  • You can’t have ADHD as so organised

Inattention

  • Distracted in environments, especially noisy environments
  • Easily distracted in their mind and observable as a wandering mind in conversation
  • Forgetfulness
  • Difficulty with tasks which are perceived as boring
  • Struggling to listen of follow conversations and may appear as ‘zoned out’
  • Difficulties with problem-solving, timekeeping, planning and organisation

Hyperactivity

  • Fidgeting, with hands, feet or parts of the body (more apparent as mental restlessness in some)
  • Frequent need for movement
  • Becoming stressed at sitting down for long periods
  • Common feelings of agitation and irritation
  • Unable to relax and constantly feeling restless
  • Interrupting others
  • Self-medication with drugs or alcohol to induce calm or relax

Impulsivity

  • Impatience – especially waiting in queues
  • Acting without thinking of consequences
  • Unable to wait for rewards
  • Reckless driving
  • Sensation seeks

Other Symptoms

Not within the diagnostic criteria but often present

Emotional dysregulation

  • Changeable moods
  • Overwhelm
  • Emotional outbursts
  • Anger outbursts
  • Irritability
  • Boredom
  • Strong intense reactions to criticism
  • Overstimulation
  • Over reactions to seemingly small things

Rejection Sensitive Dysphoria

  • Sudden emotional outbursts following real or perceived criticism or rejection

  • Withdrawal from social situations
  • Negative self-talk, rumination and thoughts of self-harm
  • Avoidance of social settings in which they might fail or be criticized
  • Low self-esteem and poor self-perception
  • Feeling constantly attacked and responding defensively in relationships

Mind wandering

  • Time blindness
  • Poor metacognition
  • Sensory processing issues
  • Low self-esteem/ imposter syndrome
  • Coexisting mental and physical health conditions

Other Symptoms

Not within the diagnostic criteria but often present

Emotional dysregulation

  • Changeable moods
  • Overwhelm
  • Emotional outbursts
  • Anger outbursts
  • Irritability
  • Boredom
  • Strong intense reactions to criticism
  • Overstimulation
  • Over reactions to seemingly small things

Rejection Sensitive Dysphoria

  • Sudden emotional outbursts following real or perceived criticism or rejection

  • Withdrawal from social situations
  • Negative self-talk, rumination and thoughts of self-harm
  • Avoidance of social settings in which they might fail or be criticized
  • Low self-esteem and poor self-perception
  • Feeling constantly attacked and responding defensively in relationships

Mind wandering

  • Time blindness
  • Poor metacognition
  • Sensory processing issues
  • Low self-esteem/ imposter syndrome
  • Coexisting mental and physical health conditions

Girls, Women & ADHD

Girls with ADHD don’t usually stand out at school they are often the ones looking out of the window, twirling their hair and they may be written off as ‘space cadets’. A number of women with ADHD go undiagnosed because women were never hyperactive and did not cause problems for anybody, so they were not picked up. She says that women are more often misdiagnosed and treated for something other than ADHD.

Women may suffer more from the consequences of being inattentive and may have found strategies around things. They may tend not to leave their seat from a young age due to social stigma and therefore symptoms may have become more internal from a young age.

A lot of women experience rejection sensitivity dysphoria and may feel overwhelmed and labelled as ‘over reactive’.

Dr Emma Field has assessed many women with ADHD and ASD over the last few years and highly values their unseen stories and histories.

Girls, Women & ADHD

Girls with ADHD don’t usually stand out at school they are often the ones looking out of the window, twirling their hair and they may be written off as ‘space cadets’. A number of women with ADHD go undiagnosed because women were never hyperactive and did not cause problems for anybody, so they were not picked up. She says that women are more often misdiagnosed and treated for something other than ADHD.

Women may suffer more from the consequences of being inattentive and may have found strategies around things. They may tend not to leave their seat from a young age due to social stigma and therefore symptoms may have become more internal from a young age.

A lot of women experience rejection sensitivity dysphoria and may feel overwhelmed and labelled as ‘over reactive’.

Dr Emma Field has assessed many women with ADHD and ASD over the last few years and highly values their unseen stories and histories.

At ADHD Scotland, we believe there is very little that the person with ADHD is not capable of with the right support.

At ADHD Scotland, we believe there is very little that the person with ADHD is not capable of with the right support.

Assessment Options

Assessment & Treatment Options

Pre-Assessment Session

£120

Screened for ADHD, ASD, and other comorbidities. Professional opinion provided. No obligation to proceed.

ADHD assessment

£850

This includes a pre-assessment, assessment, report and follow up session. The main session lasts between 2- 2/12 hours and evidence is provided by others. We recommend booking a pre-assessment first.

ADHD ‘straight to assessment’

£730

This includes an assessment, report and follow up session. This is for individuals who have been screened elsewhere or who wish to skip the pre-assessment stage.